Selected work

Models and reports for the decision at hand.

Four examples of the work Luvima can prepare for management, boards and lenders.

01 · Financial modelling

Operating and funding model

How much cash does the business generate after debt service, and how much room remains under its lending covenant?

The operating forecast connects to the funding plan and debt schedule. This summary shows how cash available for debt service, repayments and closing cash fit together.

LUVIMA01 / Model summary

Fictional example · CAD millions, except ratios

Annual operating, debt and cash forecast

On smaller screens, scroll across the table to see all columns.

Metric2027E2028E2029E2030E
Revenue$12.00$13.00$14.00$15.00
EBITDA$5.40$6.00$6.60$7.20
EBITDA margin45.0%46.2%47.1%48.0%
Cash available for debt service$3.30$3.60$4.10$4.60
Debt service (interest + principal)$2.64$2.60$2.80$3.00
Principal repayment$1.50$1.80$2.00$2.20
Closing debt$16.50$14.70$12.70$10.50
Opening cash$4.00$4.66$5.66$6.96
Closing cash$4.66$5.66$6.96$8.56
Debt-service coverage ratio1.25×1.38×1.46×1.53×
Headroom above 1.15× covenant0.10×0.23×0.31×0.38×

Sources of funds

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SourceAmount
Senior debt$12.00
Subordinated debt$6.00
Equity and capital contributions$23.00
Total$41.00

Uses of funds

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UseAmount
Equipment$24.00
Construction$10.00
Fees and contingency$3.00
Opening cash reserve$4.00
Total$41.00

Cash available for debt service is after tax, working capital and maintenance capital spending. Closing cash assumes no distributions or additional financing. DSCR = cash available for debt service ÷ debt service.

Decision to consider

The narrowest covenant headroom is 0.10× in 2027. Add a monthly cash forecast to test funding requirements within the year.

02 · Financing decisions

Scenario review

Can the project meet its lending covenant if demand falls and costs rise?

Each scenario changes several assumptions together. The results help management decide which risks to address before agreeing financing terms.

LUVIMA02 / Scenario review

Fictional example · CAD millions, except ratios

Operating assumptions and model outputs

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Assumption / outputBaseDownsideSevere
Demand vs base100%92%85%
Annual cost inflation2.5%4.0%6.0%
Funding rate6.0%7.0%8.0%
Minimum DSCR1.42×1.18×0.96×
Headroom vs 1.20× covenant0.22×−0.02×−0.24×

DSCR means debt-service coverage ratio. Outputs illustrate a separate project model; the full cash-flow and debt schedules are not shown here.

Decision to consider

The downside case breaches the 1.20× covenant. Test lower debt, additional equity or revised repayment timing before committing to the funding structure.

03 · Board reporting

Cash and performance report

What has changed since the last board meeting, and what needs a decision?

The board sees the cash forecast alongside trading performance and overdue receivables. Commentary distinguishes the forecast from the actions proposed to improve it.

LUVIMA03 / June board report

Fictional example · CAD millions, except ratios

Ending cash

Cash falls from $4.2m in January to $2.9m in June. Forecast cash reaches a low of $2.2m in September.0.01.02.03.04.05.0Actual: Jan–JunForecast: Jul–DecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
View the cash figures

Jan: $4.20m · Feb: $4.00m · Mar: $3.80m · Apr: $3.40m · May: $3.10m · Jun: $2.90m · Jul: $2.60m · Aug: $2.40m · Sep: $2.20m · Oct: $2.50m · Nov: $2.80m · Dec: $3.00m

Revenue YTD$12.6m4% above plan
EBITDA YTD$1.8m$0.3m below plan
Receivables >60 days$0.9mPriority for collection
Decision to consider

Approve a temporary hold on non-essential spending through September. Assign collection owners for overdue balances and review the cash forecast monthly. The $2.2m low point excludes any benefit from these proposed actions.

04 · Liquidity planning

13-week cash forecast

When will cash fall below the minimum operating balance?

Weekly receipts and payments reveal a funding need that a monthly report can hide. Cash crosses the threshold in week seven and reaches its low in week eight.

LUVIMA04 / Weekly liquidity

Fictional example · CAD millions, except ratios

Ending cash before new funding

Cash falls below $0.75m in week 7 and reaches $0.48m in week 8, a $0.27m shortfall.0.00.51.01.52.02.5Minimum: $0.75mW1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W10W11W12W13
View the cash figures

W1: $2.10m · W2: $1.90m · W3: $1.75m · W4: $1.50m · W5: $1.20m · W6: $0.95m · W7: $0.72m · W8: $0.48m · W9: $0.55m · W10: $0.80m · W11: $1.10m · W12: $1.25m · W13: $1.40m

First week below minimumWeek 7
Lowest cash balance$0.48m
Shortfall to minimum$0.27m
Decision to consider

Arrange access to at least $0.27m before week seven to maintain the $0.75m minimum balance in this forecast. Test further collection delays to determine the additional contingency required.

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